Improved hot-blast apparatus



L. BLAIR.

. Hot-Blast Oven.

No. 14,386. Patented Mar. 11. 1856.

Witnesses=.

UNITED STATES FATENT Orrron.

LA FAYETTE BLAIR, OF PAINESVILLE, OHIO.

IMPROVED HOT-BLAST APPARATUS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 14,386, dated March 11,1856.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, LA FAYETTE BLAIR, of Painesville, in the county ofLake and State of Ohio, have invented a new and useful Improvement inHot-Blast Machines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full,clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of thesame, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of thisspecification, in which- Figure 1 is a perspective View of my improvedhot-blast apparatus; Fig. 2, an elevation of a diaphragm-plate; Fig. 3,a side elevation; Figs. 4 and 5, end elevations; Fig. 6, a top view, andFig 7 a partial side elevation. (Portions of the outer casing areremoved in Figs. 1, 3, 6, and 7, to exhibit internal parts.)

Similar letters refer to like parts in all the figures.

The nature of my invention consists in the peculiar arrangement of partsemployed to secure three iimportant features in relation-to hot-blastmachines: first, ease and dispatch in removing the dust and soot whichcollect in the fire-channels; second, equalization of heat, and third,unlimited heating-surface. These objects I accomplish by the employmentof a number of long and straight hollow trunks or tunnels intersectedand supported by diaphragm-plates separated by a longitudinaldivision-plate, and the whole inclosed in a shellor casing.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my said invention, Iwill proceed to describe its construction and operation.

Fig. 2 exhibits one of the diaphragm-plates with its seven apertures,the center one circular and the others polygonal. A part is dissected orcut away from 1 to 2, as seen at a. A requisite number of thesediaphragm-plates are provided; but, it will be observed, each plate hasthis dissected part progressively wider and on adverse sides. Thus inthe first the opening a is on the left side, and of a given width, asfrom 1 to 2. The second has this opening on the right side, and iswidened from 1 to 3, and so on through the whole number to be used inthe construction of the machine.

b b b, Fig. 3, are three of the hollow trunks or tunnels employed in thestructure of the apparatus. These are straight and of any ded, Fig. 6,is a longitudinal division-plate.

Said plate is made wide enough to reach the center tunnel, on which itrests, as shown in Fig. 7.

6, Fig. 6, is part of the shell or outer casing.

f is a tube, to which is attached the blowing apparatus. 9 is anothertube connecting with the tuyere-pipe.

In putting the above-described parts to gether the tunnels are insertedthrough the apertures of the diaphragms, fitting them as tight as canconveniently be done. The diaphragms are placed so that they standprogressively wider apart as they approach the escape end of theapparatus. This is explained by reference to Fig. 6. The first, 71, isplaced at a given distance from the end plate; the second, i, at adistance farther removed;v the third, j, farther still, and so on y forthe others, is, Z, and m. The first diaphragm, having the opening ordissected part opposite to the cold-blast tube is divided therefrom bythe division-plate d. The said tube can be placed so as to convey theair on either side of the division-plate, as will be most convenient;but in either case the opening of the diaphragm must stand opposite toit. The whole of the diaphragms are so located as to have theirdissected parts on adverse sides of the division-plate 61, which saidplate is placed longitudinally through the ma chine, as shown in Fig. 6.It will be observed that the spaces between each diaphragm, and thedissected or open parts of them increase as they recede from thecold-blast end. These spaces form an important feature in the apparatus,and sh ould be regulated so as to retain the passing currentsufliciently long to enable it to be properly heated before it escapesfrom the tuyere-pipe. The tunnels being in their proper locations, andthe diaphragms and division-plate adjusted, as explained, the whole isinclosed within the casing. The ends of the casing are closed by the endplates, at and 0, Figs. 4. and 5, which are placed so far into them asto allow the casing, and also the ends of the tunnels, to project asuitable distance for the purpose of filling in cement. The flanges onthe said end plates will allow of a smaller quantity of cement beingused, so as to obviate the possibility of its cracking or becomingloose. I

The above apparatus is to be surrounded and sustained by the usualmasonry, and provided with suitable channels for conveying the heatedgases from the trunnel-head of the stack, or from other sources,together with the chimneyfor the escape of the waste gases. For theconvenience of cleaning or repairing, doors are to be provided in thewalls opposite to the ends of the apparatus.

In describing the use or operation of my machine it will be understoodthat the heated gases are received into the tunnels b, and thecold-blast through the tnbef.

From the peculiar form and arrangement of the heating-chamber it will beperceived that the heat is equally distributed on allparts alike, andthe danger of overheating any particular part avoided. The cold-blastreceived through the pipe or tube f will be diverted in its course bythe division-plate d in the direction of the arrows, as seen in Fig. 6,the current passing around and between all the tunnels. From thestraight form of the tunnels the cleaning of them is easilyaccomplished, the workman opening one of the doors and using anyconvenient imple1nentsuch as a scraperfitting the Whole or part of theorifice of the tunnel, and placed on an extended handle. The dust, 800.,are thus removed without occasioning much delay or suffering theapparatus to cool.

I am aware that inclo'sed chambers having pipes and partition ordivision plates within them have heretofore been used for hot-blastpurposes. Such, therefore, I do not claim. These contrivances have beenusually arranged so that the chamber or space i between the pipes, &e.,and casing is made to receive the The tunnels b, diaphragms h, 'i, j,70, Z, and

m, division-plate d, and easing 0, arranged and combined as hereindescribed, and for the purpose specified. y LA FAYETTE BLAIR.

W'itnesses:

G. W. PATTERSON,

H. S'rU'ro, Jr.

